本文介绍了如何在Ubuntu系统上安装和配置zsh和oh-my-zsh，包括基本安装步骤、配置插件等操作。提高终端的使用效率和定制性。
步骤一：安装 Zsh
安装Zsh前，需要更新Ubuntu的包列表：
1sudo apt update
2
接下来，安装Zsh
1sudo apt install zsh -y
2
验证安装：
1zsh --version
2
步骤二： 安装 oh my zsh
1# 下载所需的构建工具和依赖项
2apt-get -y install build-essential nghttp2 libnghttp2-dev libssl-dev
3
使用一行命令安装
1sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
也可以手动脚本安装
1vi instal.sh
2
1#!/bin/sh
2#
3# This script should be run via curl:
4# sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
5# or via wget:
6# sh -c "$(wget -qO- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
7# or via fetch:
8# sh -c "$(fetch -o - https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
9#
10# As an alternative, you can first download the install script and run it afterwards:
11# wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh
12# sh install.sh
13#
14# You can tweak the install behavior by setting variables when running the script. For
15# example, to change the path to the Oh My Zsh repository:
16# ZSH=~/.zsh sh install.sh
17#
18# Respects the following environment variables:
19# ZSH - path to the Oh My Zsh repository folder (default: $HOME/.oh-my-zsh)
20# REPO - name of the GitHub repo to install from (default: ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh)
21# REMOTE - full remote URL of the git repo to install (default: GitHub via HTTPS)
22# BRANCH - branch to check out immediately after install (default: master)
23#
24# Other options:
25# CHSH - 'no' means the installer will not change the default shell (default: yes)
26# RUNZSH - 'no' means the installer will not run zsh after the install (default: yes)
27# KEEP_ZSHRC - 'yes' means the installer will not replace an existing .zshrc (default: no)
28#
29# You can also pass some arguments to the install script to set some these options:
30# --skip-chsh: has the same behavior as setting CHSH to 'no'
31# --unattended: sets both CHSH and RUNZSH to 'no'
32# --keep-zshrc: sets KEEP_ZSHRC to 'yes'
33# For example:
34# sh install.sh --unattended
35# or:
36# sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)" "" --unattended
37#
38set -e
39
40# Track if $ZSH was provided
41custom_zsh=${ZSH:+yes}
42
43# Default settings
44ZSH=${ZSH:-~/.oh-my-zsh}
45REPO=${REPO:-ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh}
46REMOTE=${REMOTE:-https://github.com/${REPO}.git}
47BRANCH=${BRANCH:-master}
48
49# Other options
50CHSH=${CHSH:-yes}
51RUNZSH=${RUNZSH:-yes}
52KEEP_ZSHRC=${KEEP_ZSHRC:-no}
53
54
55command_exists() {
56 command -v "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1
57}
58
59fmt_error() {
60 printf '%sError: %s%s\n' "$BOLD$RED" "$*" "$RESET" >&2
61}
62
63fmt_underline() {
64 printf '\033[4m%s\033[24m\n' "$*"
65}
66
67fmt_code() {
68 # shellcheck disable=SC2016 # backtic in single-quote
69 printf '`\033[38;5;247m%s%s`\n' "$*" "$RESET"
70}
71
72setup_color() {
73 # Only use colors if connected to a terminal
74 if [ -t 1 ]; then
75 RED=$(printf '\033[31m')
76 GREEN=$(printf '\033[32m')
77 YELLOW=$(printf '\033[33m')
78 BLUE=$(printf '\033[34m')
79 BOLD=$(printf '\033[1m')
80 RESET=$(printf '\033[m')
81 else
82 RED=""
83 GREEN=""
84 YELLOW=""
85 BLUE=""
86 BOLD=""
87 RESET=""
88 fi
89}
90
91setup_ohmyzsh() {
92 # Prevent the cloned repository from having insecure permissions. Failing to do
93 # so causes compinit() calls to fail with "command not found: compdef" errors
94 # for users with insecure umasks (e.g., "002", allowing group writability). Note
95 # that this will be ignored under Cygwin by default, as Windows ACLs take
96 # precedence over umasks except for filesystems mounted with option "noacl".
97 umask g-w,o-w
98
99 echo "${BLUE}Cloning Oh My Zsh...${RESET}"
100
101 command_exists git || {
102 fmt_error "git is not installed"
103 exit 1
104 }
105
106 ostype=$(uname)
107 if [ -z "${ostype%CYGWIN*}" ] && git --version | grep -q msysgit; then
108 fmt_error "Windows/MSYS Git is not supported on Cygwin"
109 fmt_error "Make sure the Cygwin git package is installed and is first on the \$PATH"
110 exit 1
111 fi
112
113 git clone -c core.eol=lf -c core.autocrlf=false \
114 -c fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
115 -c fetch.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
116 -c receive.fsck.zeroPaddedFilemode=ignore \
117 --depth=1 --branch "$BRANCH" "$REMOTE" "$ZSH" || {
118 fmt_error "git clone of oh-my-zsh repo failed"
119 exit 1
120 }
121
122 echo
123}
124
125setup_zshrc() {
126 # Keep most recent old .zshrc at .zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh, and older ones
127 # with datestamp of installation that moved them aside, so we never actually
128 # destroy a user's original zshrc
129 echo "${BLUE}Looking for an existing zsh config...${RESET}"
130
131 # Must use this exact name so uninstall.sh can find it
132 OLD_ZSHRC=~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh
133 if [ -f ~/.zshrc ] || [ -h ~/.zshrc ]; then
134 # Skip this if the user doesn't want to replace an existing .zshrc
135 if [ "$KEEP_ZSHRC" = yes ]; then
136 echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Keeping...${RESET}"
137 return
138 fi
139 if [ -e "$OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
140 OLD_OLD_ZSHRC="${OLD_ZSHRC}-$(date +%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S)"
141 if [ -e "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC" ]; then
142 fmt_error "$OLD_OLD_ZSHRC exists. Can't back up ${OLD_ZSHRC}"
143 fmt_error "re-run the installer again in a couple of seconds"
144 exit 1
145 fi
146 mv "$OLD_ZSHRC" "${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}"
147
148 echo "${YELLOW}Found old ~/.zshrc.pre-oh-my-zsh." \
149 "${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
150 fi
151 echo "${YELLOW}Found ~/.zshrc.${RESET} ${GREEN}Backing up to ${OLD_ZSHRC}${RESET}"
152 mv ~/.zshrc "$OLD_ZSHRC"
153 fi
154
155 echo "${GREEN}Using the Oh My Zsh template file and adding it to ~/.zshrc.${RESET}"
156
157 sed "/^export ZSH=/ c\\
158export ZSH=\"$ZSH\"
159" "$ZSH/templates/zshrc.zsh-template" > ~/.zshrc-omztemp
160 mv -f ~/.zshrc-omztemp ~/.zshrc
161
162 echo
163}
164
165setup_shell() {
166 # Skip setup if the user wants or stdin is closed (not running interactively).
167 if [ "$CHSH" = no ]; then
168 return
169 fi
170
171 # If this user's login shell is already "zsh", do not attempt to switch.
172 if [ "$(basename -- "$SHELL")" = "zsh" ]; then
173 return
174 fi
175
176 # If this platform doesn't provide a "chsh" command, bail out.
177 if ! command_exists chsh; then
178 cat <<EOF
179I can't change your shell automatically because this system does not have chsh.
180${BLUE}Please manually change your default shell to zsh${RESET}
181EOF
182 return
183 fi
184
185 echo "${BLUE}Time to change your default shell to zsh:${RESET}"
186
187 # Prompt for user choice on changing the default login shell
188 printf '%sDo you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n]%s ' \
189 "$YELLOW" "$RESET"
190 read -r opt
191 case $opt in
192 y*|Y*|"") echo "Changing the shell..." ;;
193 n*|N*) echo "Shell change skipped."; return ;;
194 *) echo "Invalid choice. Shell change skipped."; return ;;
195 esac
196
197 # Check if we're running on Termux
198 case "$PREFIX" in
199 *com.termux*) termux=true; zsh=zsh ;;
200 *) termux=false ;;
201 esac
202
203 if [ "$termux" != true ]; then
204 # Test for the right location of the "shells" file
205 if [ -f /etc/shells ]; then
206 shells_file=/etc/shells
207 elif [ -f /usr/share/defaults/etc/shells ]; then # Solus OS
208 shells_file=/usr/share/defaults/etc/shells
209 else
210 fmt_error "could not find /etc/shells file. Change your default shell manually."
211 return
212 fi
213
214 # Get the path to the right zsh binary
215 # 1. Use the most preceding one based on $PATH, then check that it's in the shells file
216 # 2. If that fails, get a zsh path from the shells file, then check it actually exists
217 if ! zsh=$(command -v zsh) || ! grep -qx "$zsh" "$shells_file"; then
218 if ! zsh=$(grep '^/.*/zsh$' "$shells_file" | tail -1) || [ ! -f "$zsh" ]; then
219 fmt_error "no zsh binary found or not present in '$shells_file'"
220 fmt_error "change your default shell manually."
221 return
222 fi
223 fi
224 fi
225
226 # We're going to change the default shell, so back up the current one
227 if [ -n "$SHELL" ]; then
228 echo "$SHELL" > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
229 else
230 grep "^$USERNAME:" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $7}' > ~/.shell.pre-oh-my-zsh
231 fi
232
233 # Actually change the default shell to zsh
234 if ! chsh -s "$zsh"; then
235 fmt_error "chsh command unsuccessful. Change your default shell manually."
236 else
237 export SHELL="$zsh"
238 echo "${GREEN}Shell successfully changed to '$zsh'.${RESET}"
239 fi
240
241 echo
242}
243
244main() {
245 # Run as unattended if stdin is not a tty
246 if [ ! -t 0 ]; then
247 RUNZSH=no
248 CHSH=no
249 fi
250
251 # Parse arguments
252 while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do
253 case $1 in
254 --unattended) RUNZSH=no; CHSH=no ;;
255 --skip-chsh) CHSH=no ;;
256 --keep-zshrc) KEEP_ZSHRC=yes ;;
257 esac
258 shift
259 done
260
261 setup_color
262
263 if ! command_exists zsh; then
264 echo "${YELLOW}Zsh is not installed.${RESET} Please install zsh first."
265 exit 1
266 fi
267
268 if [ -d "$ZSH" ]; then
269 echo "${YELLOW}The \$ZSH folder already exists ($ZSH).${RESET}"
270 if [ "$custom_zsh" = yes ]; then
271 cat <<EOF
272
273You ran the installer with the \$ZSH setting or the \$ZSH variable is
274exported. You have 3 options:
275
2761. Unset the ZSH variable when calling the installer:
277 $(fmt_code "ZSH= sh install.sh")
2782. Install Oh My Zsh to a directory that doesn't exist yet:
279 $(fmt_code "ZSH=path/to/new/ohmyzsh/folder sh install.sh")
2803. (Caution) If the folder doesn't contain important information,
281 you can just remove it with $(fmt_code "rm -r $ZSH")
282
283EOF
284 else
285 echo "You'll need to remove it if you want to reinstall."
286 fi
287 exit 1
288 fi
289
290 setup_ohmyzsh
291 setup_zshrc
292 setup_shell
293
294 printf %s "$GREEN"
295 cat <<'EOF'
296 __ __
297 ____ / /_ ____ ___ __ __ ____ _____/ /_
298 / __ \/ __ \ / __ `__ \/ / / / /_ / / ___/ __ \
299/ /_/ / / / / / / / / / / /_/ / / /_(__ ) / / /
300\____/_/ /_/ /_/ /_/ /_/\__, / /___/____/_/ /_/
301 /____/ ....is now installed!
302
303
304EOF
305 cat <<EOF
306Before you scream Oh My Zsh! please look over the ~/.zshrc file to select plugins, themes, and options.
307
308• Follow us on Twitter: $(fmt_underline https://twitter.com/ohmyzsh)
309• Join our Discord server: $(fmt_underline https://discord.gg/ohmyzsh)
310• Get stickers, shirts, coffee mugs and other swag: $(fmt_underline https://shop.planetargon.com/collections/oh-my-zsh)
311
312EOF
313 printf %s "$RESET"
314
315 if [ $RUNZSH = no ]; then
316 echo "${YELLOW}Run zsh to try it out.${RESET}"
317 exit
318 fi
319
320 exec zsh -l
321}
322
323main "$@" 1chmod +x install.sh
2sudo sh install.sh步骤三： 装插件
安装插件
安装自动补全插件和语法高亮插件以提高命令行的效率和易用性。
1# 自动补全
2git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
3# 语法高亮
4git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting启用插件
编辑.zshrc文件以启用下载的插件。
1vi ~/.zshrc在文件中找到plugins=(git)并替换为以下内容：
1plugins=(
2 git
3 zsh-autosuggestions
4 docker
5 docker-compose
6)保存并退出，然后应用更改：
1source ~/.zshrc个人笔记记录 2021 ~ 2025